Basic difference
PPF is a voluntary long-term savings scheme, EPF is salary-linked retirement saving for eligible employees, and NPS is a market-linked retirement product.
Decision guide
PPF vs EPF vs NPS
Understand how PPF, EPF, and NPS differ for retirement planning, tax benefits, lock-in, and withdrawal flexibility.
Return and risk
PPF and EPF have government-notified interest rates. NPS returns depend on asset allocation and market performance.
Liquidity
PPF has lock-in and partial withdrawal rules, EPF is tied to employment and retirement rules, and NPS has retirement-focused withdrawal restrictions.
How to use them together
EPF can be a base retirement corpus, PPF can add stable long-term savings, and NPS can add market-linked retirement exposure.